Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Spring 2013

Several differing figures exist pertaining to the boarders and boundaries of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with different computed areas. Therefore, based on the geographical forces, mission and organization, with the aim of preventing any disagreements, taking relative consensus, scientific literature, research and development into consideration, it is proposed for the first time to determine the area and identify the borders as precisely as possible. Data from Iran's neighboring countries, with precise geometric patterns, software and international standards. 1:50000 maps cover the country in this direction were measured and calculated over the borders and the environment Our country's borders with neighboring countries and were calculated separately and in most cases based on surveying the land and water borders between border signs with neighboring countries And obtained islands and waters of the total land area of 1,873,959 km figure. While the borders and boundaries separate land, water and marine calculated separately and neighboring countries and the figure for 8574 km along the borders. The water area of the first countries to separate domestic water, and land.... And calculate the total area of the country was also applied.

This study has reviewed the lived experience of social and cultural active Kurdish women using qualitative methods and the Grounded Theory. The purpose of this study is identifying their attitude and practical responses to "gender inequality". Due to comparing two different aspects of these women's lived experience, at the end of the study, two paradigmatic models are obtained. The analysis of data and "theory model" provided by this study shows that some factors such as the " system of inequality ", " stabilization of unequal system ", "lack of human relations between men & women" and "lack of equity" led to the phenomenon of " gender inequality". Under this situation, the strategies which are used by women are "acceptance of inequality", "preferring other's interests and projects" and "need for trust & support". Consequences of these strategies for these women are "losing opportunities", "pressure roles", "physical and psychological harm," "regret, longing, disappointment" and "frustration". The other phenomenon, on the contrary is related to the lived experience of social and cultural active Kurdish women which is called "human equality". Conditions such as "opportunities for self-actualization," "experiencing freedom"," human relations between man & woman ", "social activity" and "consciousness" are the consequences of this phenomenon. Strategies which are used by these women are "cultural, social, economic & political activities," "management of general and private sphere", "practical advocate of women's rights," taking the opportunity", "Resistance identities imposed against "Taboo breaking and teaching equity in the family. The outcomes of these strategies are "serving &kind heartedness", " hope, perseverance and follow-up "," model making "," gaining experience "and" gender, learning and equity ". The more "Human Equity" desire among these women, the more we'll face, "taboo breaking", "teaching equity" in the Family", "gender, learning and equity" strategies. The outcomes of the research sites that along with the existing effect of system of inequality in the establishment of "gender segregations"; what's so ever is needed to be considered among Iranian women's experience, especially the Kurds, is the issue of "lack of human relations between two genders" and overall "lack of sense of human equity". Due to different cultural, social & political structure of developed countries, this issue is less taken in to account in Feminist's sociological theories.

Modernization as a process also affects the way a society thinks, its attitudes, beliefs, food, dress habits, and cultural patterns at the level of individuals, and as the individuals can be seen as units of the society. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand the consequences of modernization in the traditional housing pattern as reflected in the changes in Kitchen. For the present study, qualitative and quantitative methods have been used in combination for data collection. Research of Methodology in this paper is Systematic sampling. Systematic sampling another design that gives each unit an equal selection probability. This research was undertaken in the city of Kelardasht, a city in Mazandaran in Iran. Kelardasht has a semi-traditional structure which has undergone tremendous changes due to the process of modernization this town and the surrounding villages. With the advent of technology and means of communication into the town, the life style of the locals has changed significantly. An attempt has been made to understand the effect of the process of modernization upon the various domains of life.

Iran is a developing country in which the women despite the growth of rate of education in two recent decades have suffered a vast gender gap in education, during the past one hundred years. The aim of this paper was to present a portrait of educational position of women in Iran, during the past one hundred years and to analyze the obstacles of females in to achieve to equal educational opportunities with males in this period. The main questions in this paper were: has there been any different between women and men in education in Iran, during the past one hundred years? If yes, how much vast is the gap? What are the effective factors in this process? For to answer these questions, I studied the education position of women as a position relative to men' education is disadvantaged socially, culturally, politically, and economically. I investigated the obstacles of gender-equitable education such as the lack of knowledge and awareness, societal, cultural, political and economic climate. In social and cultural dimensions, I specially emphasized on traditions; religious norms; class status, family values and gender socialization. In the political dimension, I focused on the social-cultural structure of governments and governors attitude about women, women's abilities and their capacities. Finally; I analyzed the policies and strategies that the governments have applied for to decrease the gender gap in education. The most important of resources were statistical information which is gathered every ten years by statistical center of Iran. The main reference of this information was statistical publications of statistical center of Iran and especially statistical year book of the country.

The Yankee is an American national phenomenon. He had leapt into national stature when slipped outside of his local character. A myth was woven around him and a cult of the Yankee developed by the permeation of the Yankee characteristics in many different characters who played tricks or told stories and entertained their audiences. The present article is an attempt to observe the Yankee myth, its origin, evolution and its incarnation in Robert Frost. It takes us to a journey back to the beginning of American history when the nation was about to find an identity for its own and to the native soil where its national funny figure sprang. Humor as the accommodating genre that hosts the Yankee myth is to be studied of its essence and manifestations. Frost as an icon of Yankee values representative of the mood and minds of the nation and the humor in his poems are to be focused on. The image of Frost as an American poet who very often receives appraisal for the terrifically tragic portraiture of life and whose poems are said to yield most fully to a design of darkness will be looked upon beside an image of him as the poet of many brilliantly comic poems who with serious artistic intent can give us a literate laugh. Frost’s philosophy of boundaries and borders and their worth, the optimal distance, respect to each other’s ideas, cooperation, importance of communication and many more of his universal concerns put into his poems are to be reviewed and his homey poem “Mending Wall” taken as an epitome of his works is isolated to be studied of its successful coupling of serious and comic that equip us with insights.

Cell phone technology is being increasingly used by clinicians to access up-to-date information during patient care. Medical students, residents, and faculty members of medical faculties or hospitals use mobile devices, such as smartphones (e.g., iPhone, Android, Blackberry) and tablet computers (e.g., iPad), to answer clinical questions and find medical information. This article investigates the previous studies on the Benefits and Applications of Cell phone in medical sphere.

Dual spacization of publishing means emergence of digital publishing in online and offline virtual environments along with analogue publishing. Analogue publishing is a kind of publishing that is produced in the form of physical printed writings as they appear in a single paper, single or many pages newspapers and magazines and books, writings on leaves and pieces of trees, natural skin and leather and artificial papers which are a synthesis of natural material. This kind of publishing had a reified manifestation and could not have been existed without being assisted by material. In this article, at first, differences between digital and analogue publishing will be elaborated, then different dimensions and formats of digital text will be discussed to give transparent picture of the potential and unique capacities and characteristics of the electronic publishing comparing to the traditional publishing systems.